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Comment: Recommend using CATALINA_OPTS. Using JAVA_OPTS to set memory settings is a bad idea.

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First look at java -X to determine what parameters to set. Then you can set them via the environment variable CATALINA_OPTS (using JAVA_OPTS. Read the files also works, but is not recommended). This variable is usually set in a file bin/setenv.sh or bin/setenv.bat that you may need to create by yourselves.

The setenv file is documented in RUNNING.txt in your version of Tomcat. The environment variables are described in a comment at the top of catalina.bat or catalina.sh for more information on JAVA_OPTSfiles.

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Q2
Q2
Why do I get OutOfMemoryError errors?

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