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In rare cases, Tika can go into infinite loops or allocate surprising amounts of memory (OutOfMemoryExceptions (OOMs)).  If you are processing enough documents in the wild, you will run into these challenges and you must defend against them. 

Again, if you're processing untrusted files at scale, we strongly encourage not running Tika in the same jvm as, say, an indexer or search system or any other critical code.

The Tika project offers some defenses against these denial of service (DoS) vulnerabilities.  All of these options spawn a forked process to do the actual parsing.

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