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If you start Tomcat (or whichever J2EE container you are using) and type in http://localhost:8080/hello-world^{Image Removed} into your browser you should get this result:

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 

public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  private String message;

  public String getMessage() {
    return message;
  }

  public String execute() {
    message = "Hello World!";
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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If start up the application server and open up http://localhost:8080/hello-world^{Image Removed} in our browser, we should get this result:

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 

public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  private String message;

  public String getMessage() {
    return message;
  }

  public String execute() {
    if (System.currentTimeMillis() % 2 == 0) {
      message = "It's 0";
      return "zero";
    }

    message = "It's 1";
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 

public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport {
    @Action("foo")
    public String foo() {
        return "bar";
    }

    @Action("foo-bar")
    public String bar() {
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;

public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Action("/different/url")
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Actions;

public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Actions({
    @Action("/different/url"),
    @Action("/another/url")
  })
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Actions;

public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Action("/different/url")
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;


  }

  @Action("url")
  public String doSomething() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Actions;

public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Action(interceptorRefs={@InterceptorRef("validation"), @InterceptorRef("defaultStack")})
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  @Action("url")
  public String doSomething() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Actions;

public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Action(interceptorRefs=@InterceptorRef(value="validation",params={"programmatic", "false", "declarative", "true}))
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  @Action("url")
  public String doSomething() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

If interceptors are not specified, the default stack is applied.

Info
You can specify className parameter which can be especially useful when Spring Framework is used to instantiate actions.

Applying @Action and @Actions at the class level

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Actions;

@InterceptorRefs({
    @InterceptorRef("interceptor-1"),
    @InterceptorRef("defaultStack")
})
public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Action(value="action1", interceptorRefs=@InterceptorRef("validation"))
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  @Action(value="action2")
  public String doSomething() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Actions;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;

@Results({
  @Result(name="failure", location="fail.jsp")
})
public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Action(value="/different/url", 
    results={@Result(name="success", location="http://struts.apache.org", type="redirect")}
  )
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  @Action("/another/url")

  public String doSomething() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

...

Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Actions;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;

public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Action(value="/different/url", 
    results={@Result(name="success", type="httpheader", params={"status", "500", "errorMessage", "Internal Error"})}
  )
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  @Action("/another/url")
  public String doSomething() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorl

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;

@Namespace("/custom")
public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  @Action("/different/url")
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  @Action("url")
  public String doSomething() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorl

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ResultPath;

@ResultPath("/WEB-INF/jsps")
public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

title	com.example.actions.HelloWorld

package com.example.actions;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; 
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;

@ParentPackage("customXWorkPackage")
public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
  public String execute() {
    return SUCCESS;
  }
}

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Code Block

	xml
	xml

<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/>
<constant name="struts.convention.classes.reload" value="true" />

This feature is experimental and has not been tested on all container, and it is strongly advised not to use it in production environments.

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Tip

title	Use the Configuration Browser Plugin

Add the Config Browser Plugin plugin to the lib folder or maven dependencies, and then visit: http://localhost:8080/CONTEXT/config-browser/index.action^{Image Removed}, to see the current action mappings.

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Name	Default Value	Description
struts.convention.action.alwaysMapExecute	true	Set to false, to prevent Convention from creating a default mapping to "execute" when there are other methods annotated as actions in the class
struts.convention.action.includeJars		Comma separated list of regular expressions of jar URLs to be scanned. eg. ".*myJar-0\.2.,.thirdparty-0\.1.*"
struts.convention.action.packages		An optional list of action packages that this should create configuration for (they don't need to match a locator pattern)
struts.convention.result.path	/WEB-INF/content/	Directory where templates are located
struts.convention.result.flatLayout	true	If set to false, the result can be put in its own directory: resultsRoot/namespace/actionName/result.extension
struts.convention.action.suffix	Action	Suffix used to find actions based on class names
struts.convention.action.disableScanning	false	Scan packages for actions
struts.convention.action.mapAllMatches	false	Create action mappings, even if no @Action is found
struts.convention.action.checkImplementsAction	true	Check if an action implements com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action to create an action mapping
struts.convention.default.parent.package	convention-default	Default parent package for action mappins
struts.convention.action.name.lowercase	true	Convert action name to lowercase
struts.convention.action.name.separator	-	Separator used to build the action name, MyAction -> my-action. This character is also used as the separator between the action name and the result in templates, like action-result.jsp
struts.convention.package.locators	action,actions,struts,struts2	Packages whose name end with one of these strings will be scanned for actions
struts.convention.package.locators.disable	false	Disable the scanning of packages based on package locators
struts.convention.exclude.packages	org.apache.struts., org.apache.struts2., org.springframework.web.struts., org.springframework.web.struts2., org.hibernate.*	Packages excluded from the action scanning
struts.convention.package.locators.basePackage		If set, only packages that start with its value will be scanned for actions
struts.convention.relative.result.types	dispatcher,velocity,freemarker	The list of result types that can have locations that are relative and the result location (which is the resultPath plus the namespace) prepended to them
struts.convention.redirect.to.slash	true	A boolean parameter that controls whether or not this will handle unknown actions in the same manner as Apache, Tomcat and other web servers. This handling will send back a redirect for URLs such as /foo to /foo/ if there doesn't exist an action that responds to /foo
struts.convention.classLoader.excludeParent	true	Exclude URLs found by the parent class loader from the list of URLs scanned to find actions (needs to be set to `false` for JBoss 5)
struts.convention.action.eagerLoading	false	If set, found action classes will be instantiated by the ObjectFactory to accelerate future use, setting it up can clash with Spring managed beans

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Versions Compared

Old Version 37

New Version 38

Key

Applying @Action and @Actions at the class level