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Kafka is typically used in conjunction with Avro, JSON, or Protobuf etc to serialize/deserialize data record by record. In the producer client, records are buffered as a segment (record batch), and compression is optionally applied to the segment(record batch). When the number of records in each segment is larger, columnar storage like Apache Parquet becomes more efficient in terms of compression ratio, as compression typically performs better on columnar storage. This results in benefits for reducing traffic throughput to brokers/consumers and saving disk space on brokers.

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