THIS IS A TEST INSTANCE. ALL YOUR CHANGES WILL BE LOST!!!!
...
WebWork:
...
Strutting
...
the
...
OpenSymphony
...
way
...
-
...
Mike
...
Cannon-Brookes
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Home is a pull-based
...
MVC
...
framework
...
focused
...
on
...
componentization
...
and
...
code
...
reuse.
...
It
...
is
...
currently
...
in
...
beta,
...
but
...
is
...
being
...
used
...
by
...
several
...
opensource
...
projects
...
and
...
a
...
few
...
commercial
...
projects
...
in
...
development.
...
This
...
is
...
the
...
second
...
generation
...
of
...
WebWork,
...
which
...
was
...
originally
...
developed
...
by
...
Rickard
...
Oberg,
...
and
...
in
...
this
...
release,
...
what
...
was
...
WebWork
...
has
...
been
...
broken
...
into
...
two
...
projects,
...
...
and
...
...
.
...
XWork
...
is
...
a
...
generic
...
command
...
pattern
...
implementation
...
with
...
absolutely
...
NO
...
ties
...
to
...
the
...
web.
...
XWork
...
provides
...
many
...
core
...
services,
...
including
...
interceptors,
...
meta-data
...
based
...
validation,
...
type
...
conversion,
...
a
...
very
...
powerful
...
expression
...
language
...
(OGNL
...
-
...
the
...
Object
...
Graph
...
Notation
...
Language)
...
and
...
an
...
Inversion
...
of
...
Control
...
(IoC)
...
container
...
implementation.
...
WebWork
...
provides
...
a
...
layer
...
on
...
top
...
of
...
XWork
...
to
...
do
...
HTTP
...
request
...
/
...
response
...
handling.
...
It
...
includes
...
a
...
ServletDispatcher
...
to
...
turn
...
HTTP
...
requests
...
into
...
calls
...
to
...
an
...
Action,
...
session
...
and
...
application
...
scope
...
mapping,
...
request
...
parameter
...
mapping,
...
view
...
integration
...
with
...
various
...
web
...
view
...
technologies
...
(JSP,
...
Velocity,
...
FreeMarker,
...
JasperReports),
...
and
...
user
...
interface
...
components
...
in
...
the
...
form
...
of
...
JSP
...
tags
...
and
...
Velocity
...
macros
...
wrapped
...
around
...
reusable
...
UI
...
components.
...
An
...
Action
...
is
...
the
...
basic
...
unit
...
of
...
work
...
in
...
WebWork.
...
It
...
is
...
a
...
simple
...
command
...
object
...
that
...
implements
...
the
...
Action
...
Interface,
...
which
...
has
...
only
...
one
...
method:
...
execute().
...
Action
...
implementers
...
can
...
extend
...
the
...
ActionSupport
...
class,
...
which
...
provides
...
i18n
...
localization
...
of
...
messages
...
(with
...
one
...
ResourceBundle
...
per
...
Action
...
class
...
and
...
searching
...
up
...
the
...
inheritance
...
tree)
...
and
...
error
...
message
...
handling
...
including
...
class
...
level
...
and
...
field
...
level
...
messages.
...
Actions
...
can
...
be
...
developed
...
in
...
one
...
of
...
two
...
styles:
...
Model
...
driven
...
or
...
field
...
driven.
...
Model
...
driven
...
Actions
...
expose
...
a
...
model
...
class
...
via
...
a
...
get
...
method,
...
and
...
the
...
form
...
fields
...
refer
...
directly
...
to
...
the
...
model
...
properties
...
using
...
expressions
...
like
...
"pet.name".
...
XWork
...
uses
...
Ognl
...
(the
...
Object
...
Graph
...
Notation
...
Language)
...
as
...
its
...
expression
...
language,
...
and
...
when
...
rendering
...
the
...
page,
...
this
...
expression
...
will
...
translate
...
to
...
getPet().getName().
...
When
...
setting
...
properties,
...
this
...
will
...
translate
...
to
...
getPet().setName().
...
This
...
style
...
of
...
development
...
allows
...
for
...
a
...
great
...
deal
...
of
...
model
...
reuse
...
and
...
can
...
allow
...
you
...
to
...
directly
...
edit
...
your
...
domain
...
objects
...
in
...
your
...
web
...
pages,
...
rather
...
than
...
needing
...
a
...
translation
...
layer
...
to
...
form
...
beans.
...
Field
...
driven
...
Actions
...
have
...
their
...
own
...
properties
...
which
...
are
...
used
...
in
...
the
...
view.
...
The
...
action's
...
execute()
...
method
...
collates
...
the
...
properties
...
and
...
interacts
...
with
...
the
...
model.
...
This
...
can
...
be
...
very
...
useful
...
when
...
your
...
form
...
and
...
model
...
are
...
not
...
parallel.
...
Even
...
in
...
this
...
case,
...
the
...
powerful
...
expression
...
language
...
in
...
WebWork
...
can
...
allow
...
you
...
to
...
compose
...
your
...
form
...
fields
...
into
...
aggregate
...
beans,
...
such
...
as
...
an
...
address
...
bean,
...
which
...
you
...
can
...
reuse
...
to
...
simplify
...
your
...
action
...
classes.
...
WebWork
...
allows
...
you
...
to
...
build
...
your
...
own
...
reusable
...
UI
...
components
...
by
...
simply
...
defining
...
a
...
Velocity
...
template.
...
This
...
is
...
how
...
the
...
pre-built
...
components
...
of
...
WebWork
...
are
...
built
...
for
...
common
...
components
...
such
...
as
...
text
...
fields,
...
buttons,
...
forms,
...
etc.
...
and
...
made
...
available
...
from
...
any
...
view
...
type
...
(either
...
JSP
...
or
...
Velocity
...
at
...
the
...
moment).
...
These
...
components
...
are
...
skinnable
...
by
...
defining
...
multiple
...
templates
...
for
...
the
...
same
...
component
...
in
...
different
...
paths.
...
If
...
your
...
components
...
include
...
the
...
default
...
header
...
and
...
footer
...
templates
...
that
...
are
...
used
...
in
...
the
...
pre-built
...
templates,
...
then
...
they
...
will
...
inherit
...
the
...
ability
...
to
...
automatically
...
handle
...
displaying
...
error
...
messages
...
beside
...
the
...
problem
...
form
...
field.
...
These
...
custom
...
UI
...
components
...
are
...
especially
...
handy
...
for
...
reusing
...
templates
...
which
...
handle
...
your
...
custom
...
model
...
types
...
or
...
for
...
things
...
like
...
date
...
pickers,
...
which
...
Mike
...
showed
...
as
...
an
...
example.
...
Interceptors
...
in
...
XWork
...
allow
...
common
...
code
...
to
...
be
...
applied
...
around
...
(before
...
and/or
...
after)
...
action
...
execution.
...
This
...
is
...
what
...
Mike
...
calls
...
"Practical
...
AOP".
...
Interceptors
...
help
...
to
...
decouple
...
and
...
componentized
...
your
...
code.
...
Interceptors
...
can
...
be
...
organized
...
into
...
stacks,
...
which
...
are
...
lists
...
of
...
interceptors
...
to
...
be
...
applied
...
in
...
sequence,
...
and
...
can
...
be
...
applied
...
to
...
actions
...
or
...
whole
...
packages.
...
Much
...
of
...
the
...
core
...
functionality
...
of
...
XWork
...
and
...
WebWork
...
is
...
implemented
...
as
...
Interceptors.
...
The
...
common
...
basic
...
examples
...
of
...
Interceptors
...
are
...
timing
...
and
...
logging,
...
and
...
these
...
are
...
built
...
in
...
with
...
XWork.
...
Mike
...
went
...
through
...
an
...
example
...
of
...
an
...
interceptor
...
to
...
identify
...
users
...
of
...
events
...
via
...
email.
...
This
...
interceptor
...
has
...
its
...
own
...
external
...
configuration
...
file
...
which
...
specifies
...
which
...
users
...
are
...
interested
...
in
...
which
...
events,
...
and
...
it
...
compares
...
this
...
configuration
...
with
...
the
...
action
...
invocations
...
passing
...
through
...
it
...
to
...
determine
...
if
...
any
...
messages
...
should
...
be
...
sent.
...
XWork's
...
validation
...
framework
...
allows
...
for
...
decoupled
...
validation
...
of
...
action
...
properties.
...
It
...
is
...
implemented
...
as
...
an
...
Interceptor
...
and
...
reads
...
external
...
XML
...
files
...
which
...
define
...
the
...
validations
...
to
...
be
...
applied
...
to
...
the
...
Action.
...
Error
...
messages
...
are
...
loaded
...
from
...
the
...
Action's
...
localized
...
messages
...
and
...
flow
...
through
...
to
...
the
...
UI.
...
Validator
...
classes
...
can
...
be
...
plugged
...
in
...
to
...
add
...
to
...
the
...
set
...
of
...
bundled
...
validators.
...
The
...
bundled
...
validators
...
include
...
required
...
field
...
and
...
required
...
String
...
validators,
...
range
...
validators
...
for
...
Dates
...
and
...
numbers,
...
and
...
...
and
...
URL
...
validators.
...
XWork
...
also
...
includes
...
expression
...
validators
...
at
...
both
...
the
...
Action
...
and
...
field
...
level
...
which
...
allow
...
you
...
to
...
use
...
any
...
Ognl
...
expression
...
as
...
the
...
validation.
...
Inversion
...
of
...
Control
...
(IoC)
...
removes
...
the
...
burden
...
of
...
managing
...
components
...
from
...
your
...
code
...
and
...
puts
...
it
...
on
...
the
...
container.
...
The
...
container
...
takes
...
care
...
of
...
managing
...
component
...
lifecycle
...
and
...
dependencies.
...
EJB
...
is
...
an
...
example
...
of
...
IoC,
...
but
...
with
...
limited
...
services.
...
IoC
...
promotes
...
simplicity
...
and
...
decoupling
...
of
...
your
...
components
...
and
...
encourages
...
your
...
classes
...
to
...
be
...
smaller
...
and
...
more
...
focused.
...
Unit
...
testing
...
is
...
also
...
simplified,
...
as
...
you
...
can
...
just
...
supply
...
MockObject
...
instances
...
of
...
the
...
services
...
your
...
code
...
depends
...
upon
...
during
...
testing.
...
XWork
...
and
...
WebWork
...
provide
...
a
...
web-native
...
IoC
...
container
...
which
...
manages
...
component
...
dependencies.
...
In
...
WebWork
...
IoC
...
is
...
implemented
...
as
...
lifecycle
...
managers
...
(SessionLifecycleListener,
...
etc)
...
and
...
an
...
Interceptor.
...
There
...
are
...
4
...
component
...
scopes
...
in
...
WebWork
...
IoC:
...
Application,
...
HTTP
...
Session,
...
HTTP
...
Request,
...
and
...
Action
...
invocation.
...
IoC
...
in
...
XWork
...
/
...
WebWork
...
is
...
purely
...
optional,
...
so
...
you
...
can
...
use
...
it
...
if
...
you
...
want
...
it.
...
XWork
...
/
...
WebWork
...
allows
...
for
...
sets
...
of
...
Actions
...
and
...
their
...
views
...
to
...
be
...
bundled
...
as
...
a
...
jar
...
file
...
and
...
reused.
...
Your
...
main
...
xwork.xml
...
file
...
can
...
include
...
the
...
xml
...
configuration
...
file
...
of
...
the
...
jar
...
file
...
because
...
they
...
are
...
included
...
from
...
the
...
classpath.
...
Similarly,
...
if
...
your
...
views
...
are
| Wiki Markup |
|---|
{link:Velocity|http://jakarta.apache.org/velocity/}{link} |
...
...
you
...
can
...
bundle
...
your
...
views
...
in
...
the
...
jar
...
file
...
and
...
they
...
will
...
be
...
loaded
...
from
...
the
...
classpath
...
when
...
rendering.
...
This
...
allows
...
for
...
componentization
...
of
...
your
...
application
...
and
...
reuse
...
of
...
bundled
...
Actions
...
across
...
applications.
...
I
...
have
...
to
...
admit,
...
when
...
Mike
...
mentioned
...
this
...
feature,
...
I
...
thought
...
he
...
was
...
crazy.
...
I
...
didn't
...
say
...
anything
...
at
...
the
...
session,
...
but
...
asked
...
him
...
about
...
it
...
later,
...
and
...
he
...
said
...
"didn't
...
you
...
write
...
the
...
package
...
include
...
stuff?"
...
I'll
...
take
...
it
...
as
...
a
...
good
...
sign
...
that
...
things
...
can
...
be
...
used
...
in
...
a
...
different
...
way
...
than
...
was
...
imagined.
...
Mike finished up with a comparison of WebWork vs.
| Wiki Markup |
|---|
{link:Struts|http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/} |
...
{link} |
...
Struts
...
is
...
obviously
...
the
...
500
...
lb
...
gorilla
...
in
...
the
...
web
...
MVC
...
space,
...
so
...
why
...
use
...
WebWork?
...
WebWork's
...
pros
...
include
...
being
...
a
...
smaller,
...
simpler
...
framework,
...
not
...
having
...
to
...
build
...
ActionForm
...
beans,
...
making
...
it
...
very
...
simple
...
to
...
test
...
your
...
Actions,
...
having
...
multiple
...
well-supported
...
view
...
technologies,
...
simpler
...
views
...
with
...
less
...
JSP
...
tags
...
and
...
a
...
more
...
powerful
...
expression
...
language,
...
not
...
having
...
to
...
make
...
your
...
Actions
...
thread-safe,
...
not
...
having
...
your
...
Actions
...
tied
...
to
...
the
...
web,
...
and
...
not
...
being
...
part
...
of
| Wiki Markup |
|---|
{link:Jakarta|http://jakarta.apache.org}{link} |
...
...
WebWork
...
also
...
adds
...
many
...
new
...
features
...
such
...
as
...
Interceptors,
...
packages,
...
IoC,
...
etc.
...
WebWork's
...
cons
...
include
...
being
...
a
...
smaller
...
project
...
with
...
fewer
...
books
...
and
...
less
...
tool
...
support,
...
having
...
less
...
standards
...
support
...
for
...
specs
...
like
...
JSTL
...
and
...
JSF,
...
and
...
not
...
being
...
part
...
of
| Wiki Markup |
|---|
{link:Jakarta|http://jakarta.apache.org}{link} |
...
...