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Assuming you've followed the WebCacheProxyTuning page, and have everything up and running,
here's what I've modified within Firefox for additional performance.

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I did some research as to why this isn't enabled by default and really couldn't find any good reasons.
Apache Traffic Server supports this, and I got a roughly 100% speed boost by enabling it.
I also dropped the folks at Mozilla a line and suggested they support this.

network.http.pipelining user_set boolean true
network.http.proxy.pipelining.aggressive user_set boolean true

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network.http.pipelining

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.ssl user_set boolean true
network.http.proxy.pipelining user_set boolean true

Increase Proxy Connections

As it turns out, this setting is artifically low on the presumption you'll be using a public proxy
on the Internet and that it's "bad etiquette" to send such a server too many connections.
Being that I'm not going to kick myself off my own proxy server, I went ahead and changed this.

network.http.proxy.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy user_set integer 256

That's it. Go ahead and restart your browser just to be safe, then enjoy your increased surfing speeds.