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If the value is set to NULL in service/network offerings, it means that we should take the rate from the Global Configuration (network.throttling.rate - used by network offering, vm.network.throttling.rate - used by service offering)
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Here is the picture explaining how throttling set on the VR's guest nic and VM's nic, affect traffic flows a) from User VM to User VM b) from User VM to internet (traffic goes through VR in this case)
On the hypervisor side, network throttling is begin set on a VM's NIC level. Implementation depends on the hypervisor. For example, on Xen its set per VM's vif; on vmWare - port group is configured on vSwitch, and the group gets assigned to the vm.
Currently CloudStack network throttling is supported on the hypervisors below - implementation details are included.
TBD - Anthony Xu, please put the details there
TBD - Edison Su, please put the details there
TBD - Kelven Yang, please put the details there
TBD - Rajesh Battala, please put the details there