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• If checkpoint buffer is being filled too fast. Fill ratio more than 66% triggers throttling.
• If percentage of dirty pages increases too rapidly

If throttling is triggered, threads that generate dirty pages are slowed with LockSupport.parkNanos(). Throttling stops when none of two conditions above is true (or when checkpoint is finished). As a result, node will provide constant operations/sec rate at the speed of storage device instead of initial burst and following long freeze.
There are two approaches to calculate necessary time to park thread: exponential backoff (start with ultra-short park, every next park will be <factor> times longer) and speed-based (collect history of disk write speed measurements, extrapolate it to calculate "ideal" speed and bound threads that generate dirty pages with that "ideal" speed) - Ignite node chooses one of them adaptively. 

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