Feature | SAF Struts 1 | SAF Struts 2 |
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Action classes | SAF Struts 1 requires Action classes to extend an abstract base class. A common problem in SAF Struts 1 is programming to abstract classes instead of interfaces. | An SAF Struts 2 Action may implement an |
Threading Model | SAF Struts 1 Actions are singletons and must be thread-safe since there will only be one instance of a class to handle all requests for that Action. The singleton strategy places restrictions on what can be done with SAF Struts 1 Actions and requires extra care to develop. Action resources must be thread-safe or synchronized. | SAF Struts 2 Action objects are instantiated for each request, so there are no thread-safety issues. (In practice, servlet containers generate many throw-away objects per request, and one more object does not impose a performance penality penalty or impact garbage collection.) |
Servlet Dependency | SAF Struts 1 Actions have dependencies on the servlet API since the HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse is passed to the | SAF Struts 2 Actions are not coupled to a container. Most often the servlet contexts are represented as simple Maps, allowing Actions to be tested in isolation. SAF Struts 2 Actions can still access the original request and response, if required. However, other architectural elements reduce or eliminate the need to access the HttpServetRequest or HttpServletResponse directly. |
Testability | A major hurdle to testing SAF Struts 1 Actions is that the | SAF Struts 2 Actions can be tested by instantiating the Action, setting properties, and invoking methods. Dependency Injection support also makes testing simpler. |
Harvesting Input | SAF Struts 1 uses an ActionForm object to capture input. Like Actions, all ActionForms must extend a base class. Since other JavaBeans cannot be used as ActionForms, developers often create redundant classes to capture input. DynaBeans can used as an alternative to creating conventional ActionForm classes, but, here too, developers may be redescribing existing JavaBeans. | SAF Struts 2 uses Action properties as input properties, eliminating the need for a second input object. Input properties may be rich object types which may have their own properties. The Action properties can can be accessed from the web page via the taglibs. SAF Struts 2 also supports the ActionForm pattern, as well as POJO form objects and POJO Actions. Rich object types, including business or domain objects, can be used as input/output objects. The ModelDriven feature simplifies taglb references to POJO input objects. |
Expression Language | SAF Struts 1 integrates with JSTL, so it uses the JSTL EL. The EL has basic object graph traversal, but relatively weak collection and indexed property support. | SAF Struts 2 can use JSTL, but the framework also supports a more powerfule powerful and flexible expression language called "Object Graph Notation Language" (OGNL). |
Binding values into views | SAF Struts 1 uses the standard JSP mechanism for binding objects into the page context for access. | SAF Struts 2 uses a "ValueStack" technology so that the taglibs can access values without coupling your view to the object type it is rendering. The ValueStack strategy allows reuse of views across a range of types which may have the same property name but different property types. |
Type Conversion | SAF Struts 1 ActionForm properties are usually all Strings. SAF Struts 1 uses Commons-Beanutils for type conversion. Converters are per-class, and not configurable per instance. | SAF Struts 2 uses OGNL for type conversion. The framework includes converters for basic and common object types and primitives. |
Validation | SAF Struts 1 supports manual validation via a | SAF Struts 2 supports manual validation via the |
Control Of Action Execution | SAF Struts 1 supports separate Request Processors (lifecycles) for each module, but all the Actions in the module must share the same lifecycle. | SAF Struts 2 supports creating different lifecycles on a per Action basis via Interceptor Stacks. Custom stacks can be created and used with different Actions, as needed. |
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