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Motivation

We can introduce richer merge strategies, one of which is already introduced is PartialUpdateMergeFunction, which completes non-NULL fields when merging. We can introduce more powerful merge strategies, such as support for pre-aggregated merges. Currently the pre-aggregation is used by many big data systems, e.g. Apache Doris, Apache Kylin, Druid, to reduce storage cost and accelerate aggregation query. By introducing pre-aggregated merge to Flink Table Store, it can acquire the same benefit.  Aggregate functions which we plan to  implement includes  sum, max/min, last_non_null_value, last_value,  listagg, bool_or/bool_and.

Public Interfaces

Basic usage of pre-aggregated merge

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--DDL
CREATE TABLE T (
    pk STRING PRIMARY KEY NOT ENFOCED,
    sum_field1 BIGINT,
    max_field1 BIGINT
    )
WITH (
'merge-engine' = 'aggregation',
'fields.sum_field1.function'='sum', -- sum up all sum_field1 with same pk;
'fields.max_field1.function'='max' -- get max value of all max_field1 with same pk
);

-– DML
INSERT INTO T VALUES ('pk1', 1, 2);
INSERT INTO T VALUES ('pk1', 1, 1);
– verify
SELECT * FROM T;
=> output 'pk1', 2, 2

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The sum aggregate function supports DECIMAL, TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, FLOAT, DOUBLE , INTERVAL(INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND) data types.

The max/min aggregate function fupports supports DECIMAL, TINYINT, SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, FLOAT, DOUBLE, INTERVAL(INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND), DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP_LTZ data types.

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The listagg aggregate function supports VARCHAR, STRING  data types.

The bool_and/bool_or aggregate function supports BOOLEAN data type.

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Aforementioned aggregate functions all support INSERT changes. In this FLIP, we plan to make partial aggregate functions support UPDATE and DELETE changes.

Aggregate functions supporting for UPDATE changes: sum.

Aggregate functions supporting for DELETE changes: sum. It needs more design to make other aggregate functions support UPDATE/DELETE changes.

Future work
An advanced way of introducing pre-aggregated merge into Flink Table Store is using materialized view to get pre-aggregated merge result from a source table. Then a stream job is started to synchronize data, consume source data, and write incrementally . This data synchronization job has no state. More information is described in JIRA.

Proposed Changes

An ConfigOption<String> type variable named ‘AGGREGATE_FUNCTION’ is defined in CoreOptions.java to retrieve configuration of 'aggregate-function' in WITH clause.

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A subclass of MergeFunction named AggregateMergeFunction is created in AggregateMergeFunction.java to conduct pre-aggregated merge.

Compatibility, Deprecation, and Migration Plan

This is new feature, no compatibility, deprecation, and migration plan.

Test Plan

Each pre-aggregated merge function will be covered with IT tests.

Rejected Alternatives

None.