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Comment: Migrated to Confluence 4.0

There's a number of approaches you can take to unit-test your WebWork actions.

The simplest is to instantiate your actions, call setters then execute(). This allows you to bypass all the complicated container setup.

Taken from Petsoar:

Code Block

package org.petsoar.actions.inventory;

import com.mockobjects.constraint.IsEqual;
import com.mockobjects.dynamic.C;
import com.mockobjects.dynamic.Mock;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.Action;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.petsoar.pets.Pet;
import org.petsoar.pets.PetStore;

public class TestViewPet extends TestCase {
    private Mock mockPetStore;
    private ViewPet action;

    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        mockPetStore = new Mock(PetStore.class);
        PetStore petStore = (PetStore) mockPetStore.proxy();

        action = new ViewPet();
        action.setPetStore(petStore);
    }

    public void testViewPet() throws Exception {
        Pet existingPet = new Pet();
        existingPet.setName("harry");
        existingPet.setId(1);

        Pet expectedPet = new Pet();
        expectedPet.setName("harry");
        expectedPet.setId(1);

        mockPetStore.expectAndReturn("getPet", C.args(new IsEqual(new Long(1))), existingPet);
        action.setId(1);

        String result = action.execute();

        assertEquals(Action.SUCCESS, result);
        assertEquals(expectedPet, existingPet);
        mockPetStore.verify();
    }

    public void testViewPetNoId() throws Exception {
        mockPetStore.expectAndReturn("getPet", C.ANY_ARGS, null);

        String result = action.execute();

        assertEquals(Action.ERROR, result);
        assertEquals(1, action.getActionErrors().size());
        assertEquals("Invalid pet selected.", action.getActionErrors().iterator().next());
        assertNull(action.getPet());
        mockPetStore.verify();
    }

    public void testViewPetInvalidId() throws Exception {
        action.setId(-1);
        testViewPetNoId();
    }
}

Test interceptors and/or result types

Check out the test suites in XWork/WebWork. These are pretty comprehensive and provide a good starting point. For example, this is how the ParametersInterceptor is tested:

Code Block

public void testDoesNotAllowMethodInvocations() {
    Map params = new HashMap();
    params.put("@java.lang.System@exit(1).dummy", "dumb value");

    HashMap extraContext = new HashMap();
    extraContext.put(ActionContext.PARAMETERS, params);

    try {
        ActionProxy proxy = ActionProxyFactory.getFactory().
               createActionProxy("", MockConfigurationProvider.MODEL_DRIVEN_PARAM_TEST, extraContext);
        assertEquals(Action.SUCCESS, proxy.execute());

        ModelDrivenAction action = (ModelDrivenAction) proxy.getAction();
        TestBean model = (TestBean) action.getModel();

        String property = System.getProperty("webwork.security.test");
        assertNull(property);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        fail();
    }
}

Note: these are not the ONLY ways so make your own judgementYes. Struts 2 provides built-in support for JUnit 3.8 via an abstract StrutsTestCase, which provides common Struts variables and setup code. To learn what approaches you can take when testing your Struts Actions, see How can we test Actions.