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Hive CLI is a legacy tool which had two main use cases. The first is that it served as a thick client for SQL on Hadoop and the second is that it served as a command line tool for Hive Server (the original Hive server, now often referred to as "HiveServer1"). Hive Server has been deprecated (HIVE-6977) and removed from the Hive code base as of Hive 1.0.0 (HIVE-6977) and replaced with HiveServer2 (HIVE-2935), so the second use case no longer applies. For the first use case, Beeline provides or is supposed to provide equal functionality, yet is implemented differently from Hive CLI.

Ideally, Hive CLI should be deprecated as the Hive community has long recommended using the Beeline + Beeline plus HiveServer2 configuration; however, because of the wide use of Hive CLI, we instead propose are replacing Hive CLI's implementation with a new Hive CLI on top of Beeline plus embedded HiveServer2 (HIVE-10511) so that the Hive community only needs to maintain a single code path. In this way, the new Hive CLI is just an alias to Beeline at both the shell script level and the high code level. The goal is that no or minimal changes are required from existing user scripts using Hive CLI.

Hive CLI Functionality Support

We use a new Hive CLI on top of Beeline to implement the Hive CLI functionality. In case Since some existing Hive CLI features are not supported in Beelinethe new Hive CLI, we are able to use using the old Hive client implementation by default. Use the following command to use the deprecated specify the new Beeline-based Hive CLI tool.:

export USE_DEPRECATED_CLI=truefalse

Note that the log4j configuration file has been changed to "beeline-log4j.properties". 

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usage: hive
 -d,--define <key=value>          Variable subsitution to apply to hive
                                  commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B
    --database <databasename>     Specify the database to use
 -e <quoted-query-string>         SQL from command line
 -f <filename>                    SQL from files
 -H,--help                        Print help information
    --hiveconf <property=value>   Use value for given property
    --hivevar <key=value>         Variable subsitution to apply to hive
                                  commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B
 -i <filename>                    Initialization SQL file
 -S,--silent                      Silent mode in interactive shell
 -v,--verbose                     Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the
                                  console)

Examples

• Example of running a query from the command line

  No Format
  $HIVE_HOME/bin/hive -e 'select a.foo from pokes a'

• Example of setting Hive configuration variables

  No Format
  $HIVE_HOME/bin/hive -e 'select a.foo from pokes a' --hiveconf hive.exec.scratchdir=/opt/my/hive_scratch --hiveconf mapred.reduce.tasks=1

• Example of dumping data out from a query into a file using silent mode

  No Format
  $HIVE_HOME/bin/hive -S -e 'select a.foo from pokes a' > a.txt

• Example of running a script non-interactively from local disk

  No Format
  $HIVE_HOME/bin/hive -f /home/my/hive-script.sql

• Example of running a script non-interactively from a Hadoop supported filesystem (starting in Hive 0.14)

  No Format
  $HIVE_HOME/bin/hive -f hdfs://<namenode>:<port>/hive-script.sql

Hive CLI Interactive Shell Commands Support

When $HIVE_HOME/bin/hive is run without either the -e or -f option, it enters interactive shell mode.

Use ";" (semicolon) to terminate commands. Comments in scripts can be specified using the "--" prefix.

Examples of shell commandsExample for source command:

hive> source /root/test.sql;
hive> show tables;
test1
test2
hive> exit;
hive> quit;
hive> set;
hive> set hive.cli.print.header=true;
hive> set -v;
hive> reset;
hive> add file /opt/a.txt;
Added resources: [/opt/a.txt]
hive> list files;
/opt/a.txt
hive> delete file /opt/a.txt;
hive> add jar /usr/share/vnc/classes/vncviewer.jar;
Added [/usr/share/vnc/classes/vncviewer.jar]to class path
Added resources:[/usr/share/vnc/classes/vncviewer.jar]
hive> list jars;
/usr/share/vnc/classes/vncviewer.jar
hive> delete jar /usr/share/vnc/classes/vncviewer.jar;
hive> !ls;
numbers_bucketed
test2
testavro2
bin
conf
hive> dfs -ls / ;
Found 2 items
drwx-wx-wx  - root supergroup  0   2015-08-12 19:06 /tmp
drwxr-xr-x  - root supergroup  0   2015-08-12 19:43 /user
hive> select * from pokes; 
OK
pokes.foo   pokes.bar
238         val_238
86          val_86
311         val_311
hive>source /opt/s.sql;

Hive CLI Configuration Support

Performance Impacts

Using the JMH to measure the average time cost when retrieving a data set, we have the following results.

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The lower the score the better since we are evaluating the time cost. There is not a no clear performance gap in terms of retrieving data.

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