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In your Java IDE create a Java web application with a project name of basic_struts that follows the standard Maven project folder structure. In your pom.xml include the following:
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<build> <finalName>basic_struts</finalName> </build> |
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Now that we know we have a working Java web application, lets add the minimal required Struts 2 framework Jar files to our web application's class path. In pom.xml add the following dependency node:
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<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>X.X.X.X</version> </dependency> |
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To see what's happening under the hood, the example application for this tutorial uses log4j. You'll need to add to pom.xml a dependency node for the log4j jar file:
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<dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.14</version> </dependency> |
Setup a log4j.xml configuration in the src/main/resources folder. You can copy the one from the example application, which contains the following
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration PUBLIC "-//log4j/log4j Configuration//EN" "log4j.dtd"> <log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/"> <appender name="STDOUT" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender"> <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"> <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d %-5p %c.%M:%L - %m%n"/> </layout> </appender> <!-- specify the logging level for loggers from other libraries --> <logger name="com.opensymphony"> <level value="DEBUG" /> </logger> <logger name="org.apache.struts2"> <level value="DEBUG" /> </logger> <!-- for all other loggers log only info and above log messages --> <root> <priority value="INFO"/> <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" /> </root> </log4j:configuration> |
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To enable the Struts 2 framework to work with your web application you need to add a Servlet filter class and filter mapping to web.xml. Below is the filter and filter-mapping nodes you should add to web.xml.
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<filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> |
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Struts 2 can use either an XML configuration file or annotations (or both) to specify the relationship between a URL, a Java class, and a view page (such as index.jsp). For our basic Struts 2 application, we'll use a minimal xml configuration. Note the file name is struts.xml and it should be in the src/main/resources folder (struts.xml must be on the web application's root class path).
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <package name="basicstruts2" extends="struts-default"> <action name="index"> <result>/index.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts> |
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Open a web browser and go to http://localhost:8080/Basic_Struts2_Mvn/index.action (note that's index.action not index.jsp at the end of the URL). You should see the same web page as when going to http://localhost:8080/Basic_Struts2_Mvn/index.jsp. View the log messages written to the console and you should find several that discuss index.action and index.jsp:
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com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.debug:57 - Creating an DefaultActionProxy for namespace / and action name index ... org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult.debug:57 - Forwarding to location /index.jsp |
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