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The following built-in mathematical functions are supported in Hive.

Return Type	Name (Signature)	Description

DOUBLE

double

round(DOUBLE a)

Returns the rounded BIGINT value of a.

DOUBLE

double

round(DOUBLE a, INT d)

Returns a rounded to d decimal places.

DOUBLE

double bround(DOUBLE a) Returns the rounded BIGINT value of a using HALF_EVEN rounding mode. Also known as Gaussian rounding or bankers' rounding. Example: bround(2.5) = 2, bround(3.5) = 4.

DOUBLE

double bround(DOUBLE a, INT d) Returns a rounded to d decimal places using HALF_EVEN rounding mode. Example: bround(8.25, 1) = 8.2, bround(8.35, 1) = 8.4.

BIGINT

bigint

floor(DOUBLE a)

Returns the maximum BIGINT value that is equal to or less than a.

BIGINT

bigint

ceil(DOUBLE a), ceiling(DOUBLE a)

Returns the minimum BIGINT value that is equal to or greater than a.

DOUBLE

double

rand(), rand(INT seed)

Returns a random number (that changes from row to row) that is distributed uniformly from 0 to 1. Specifying the seed will make sure the generated random number sequence is deterministic.

DOUBLE

double

exp(DOUBLE a), exp(DECIMAL a)

Returns e^a where e is the base of the natural logarithm.

DOUBLE

double

ln(DOUBLE a), ln(DECIMAL a)

Returns the natural logarithm of the argument a.

DOUBLE

double

log10(DOUBLE a), log10(DECIMAL a)

Returns the base-10 logarithm of the argument a.

DOUBLE

double

log2(DOUBLE a), log2(DECIMAL a)

Returns the base-2 logarithm of the argument a.

DOUBLE

double

log(DOUBLE base, DOUBLE a)

log(DECIMAL base, DECIMAL a)

Returns the base-base logarithm of the argument a.

DOUBLE

double

pow(DOUBLE a, DOUBLE p), power(DOUBLE a, DOUBLE p)

Returns a^p.

DOUBLE

double

sqrt(DOUBLE a), sqrt(DECIMAL a)

Returns the square root of a.

STRING

string

bin(BIGINT a)

Returns the number in binary format.

STRING

string

hex(BIGINT a) hex(STRING a) hex(BINARY a)

If the argument is an INT or binary, hex returns the number as a STRING in hexadecimal format. Otherwise if the number is a STRING, it converts each character into its hexadecimal representation and returns the resulting STRING.

BINARY

binary

unhex(STRING a)

Inverse of hex. Interprets each pair of characters as a hexadecimal number and converts to the byte representation of the number.

STRING

string

conv(BIGINT num, INT from_base, INT to_base), conv(STRING num, INT from_base, INT to_base)

Converts a number from a given base to another.

DOUBLE

double

abs(DOUBLE a)

Returns the absolute value.

INT

int or

DOUBLE

double

pmod(INT a, INT b), pmod(DOUBLE a, DOUBLE b)

Returns the positive value of a mod b.

DOUBLE

double

sin(DOUBLE a), sin(DECIMAL a)

Returns the sine of a (a is in radians).

DOUBLE

double

asin(DOUBLE a), asin(DECIMAL a)

Returns the arc sin of a if -1<=a<=1 or NULL otherwise.

DOUBLE

double

cos(DOUBLE a), cos(DECIMAL a)

Returns the cosine of a (a is in radians).

DOUBLE

double

acos(DOUBLE a), acos(DECIMAL a)

Returns the arccosine of a if -1<=a<=1 or NULL otherwise.

DOUBLE

double

tan(DOUBLE a), tan(DECIMAL a)

Returns the tangent of a (a is in radians).

DOUBLE

double

atan(DOUBLE a), atan(DECIMAL a)

Returns the arctangent of a.

DOUBLE

double

degrees(DOUBLE a), degrees(DECIMAL a)

Converts value of a from radians to degrees.

DOUBLE

double

radians(DOUBLE a), radians(DOUBLE a)

Converts value of a from degrees to radians.

INT

int or

DOUBLE

double

positive(INT a), positive(DOUBLE a)

Returns a.

INT

int or

DOUBLE

double

negative(INT a), negative(DOUBLE a)

Returns -a.

DOUBLE

double or

INT

int

sign(DOUBLE a), sign(DECIMAL a)

Returns the sign of a as '1.0' (if a is positive) or '-1.0' (if a is negative), '0.0' otherwise. The decimal version returns INT instead of DOUBLE.

DOUBLE

double

e()

Returns the value of e.

DOUBLE

double

pi()

Returns the value of pi.

BIGINT

bigint factorial(INT a) Returns the factorial of a Valid a is [0..20].

DOUBLE

double cbrt(DOUBLE a) Returns the cube root of a double value.

INT

int

BIGINT

bigint

shiftleft(TINYINT|SMALLINT|INT a, INT b)

shiftleft(BIGINT a, INT b)

Bitwise left shift. Shifts a b positions to the left.

Returns int for tinyint, smallint and int a. Returns bigint for bigint a.

INT

int

BIGINT

bigint

shiftright(TINYINT|SMALLINT|INT a, INT b)

shiftright(BIGINT a, INT b)

Bitwise right shift. Shifts a b positions to the right.

Returns int for tinyint, smallint and int a. Returns bigint for bigint a.

INT

int

BIGINT

bigint

shiftrightunsigned(TINYINT|SMALLINT|INT a, INT b),

shiftrightunsigned(BIGINT a, INT b)

Bitwise unsigned right shift. Shifts a b positions to the right.

Returns int for tinyint, smallint and int a. Returns bigint for bigint a.

T greatest(T v1, T v2, ...) Returns the greatest value of the list of values. Fixed to return NULL when one or more arguments are NULL, and strict type restriction relaxed, consistent with ">" operator.

T least(T v1, T v2, ...) Returns the least value of the list of values. Fixed to return NULL when one or more arguments are NULL, and strict type restriction relaxed, consistent with "<" operator.

INT

int

width_bucket(NUMERIC expr, NUMERIC min_value, NUMERIC max_value, INT num_buckets)

Returns an integer between 0 and num_buckets+1 by mapping expr into the ith equally sized bucket. Buckets are made by dividing [min_value, max_value] into equally sized regions. If expr < min_value, return 1, if expr > max_value return num_buckets+1. See https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/functions214.htm

Collection Functions

The following built-in collection functions are supported in Hive.

Return Type	Name(Signature)	Description
int	size(Map<K.V>)	Returns the number of elements in the map type.
int	size(Array<T>)	Returns the number of elements in the array type.
array<K>	map_keys(Map<K.V>)	Returns an unordered array containing the keys of the input map.
array<V>	map_values(Map<K.V>)	Returns an unordered array containing the values of the input map.
boolean	array_contains(Array<T>, value)	Returns TRUE if the array contains the provided paramter value.
array<t>	sort_array(Array<T>)	Sorts the input array in ascending order according to the natural ordering of the array elements and returns it.

Date Functions

Date is one of the most used built-in functions in Hive. The following list contains the supported built-in date functions in Hive.

Return Type

Name(Signature)

Description

string

from_unixtime(bigint unixtime[, string pattern])

Converts a number of seconds since epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC) to a string representing the timestamp of that moment in the current time zone(using config "hive.local.time.zone") using the specified pattern. If the pattern is missing the default is used ('uuuu-MM-dd HH:mm:ss' or yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'). Example: from_unixtime(0)=1970-01-01 00:00:00 (hive.local.time.zone=Etc/GMT)

Status

colour	Green
title	New

As of Hive 4.0.0 the "hive.datetime.formatter" property can be used to control the underlying formatter implementation and as a consequence the accepted patterns and their behavior. Earlier versions used https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.html as the underlying formatter.

bigint

unix_timestamp()

Gets the current Unix timestamp in seconds. This function is not deterministic and its value is not fixed for the scope of a query execution, therefore prevents proper optimization of queries - this has been deprecated since 2.0 in favour of CURRENT_TIMESTAMP constant.

bigint

unix_timestamp(string date)

Converts a DateTime string to unix time (seconds since epoch) using the default pattern(s). The default accepted patterns depend on the underlying formatter implementation. The datetime string does not contain a timezone so the conversion uses the local time zone as specified by "hive.local.time.zone" property. Returns null when the conversion fails. Example: unix_timestamp('2009-03-20 11:30:01') = 1237573801

Status

colour	Green
title	New

As of Hive 4.0.0 the "hive.datetime.formatter" property can be used to control the underlying formatter implementation and as a consequence the accepted patterns and their behavior. Earlier versions used https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.html as the underlying formatter.

bigint

unix_timestamp(string date, string pattern)

Converts a datetime string to unix time (seconds since epoch) using the specified pattern. The accepted patterns and their behavior depend on the underlying formatter implementation. Returns null when the conversion fails. Example: unix_timestamp('2009-03-20', 'uuuu-MM-dd') = 1237532400

Status

colour	Green
title	New

As of Hive 4.0.0 the "hive.datetime.formatter" property can be used to control the underlying formatter implementation, and as a consequence the accepted patterns and their behavior. Earlier versions used https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.html as the underlying formatter.

date

to_date(string timestamp)

Returns the date part of a timestamp date object. Example: to_date("1970-01-01 00:00:00")

int

year(string date)

Returns the year part of a date or a timestamp string: year("1970-01-01 00:00:00") = 1970, year("1970-01-01") = 1970.

int

quarter(date/timestamp/string)

Returns the quarter of the year for a date, timestamp, or string in the range 1 to 4. Example: quarter('2015-04-08') = 2.

int

month(string date)

Returns the month part of a date or a timestamp string. Example: month("1970-11-01 00:00:00") = 11, month("1970-11-01") = 11.

int

day(string date) dayofmonth(date)

Returns the day part of a date or a timestamp string. Example: day("1970-11-01 00:00:00") = 1, day("1970-11-01") = 1.

int

hour(string date)

Returns the hour of the timestamp: Example: hour('2009-07-30 12:58:59') = 12, hour('12:58:59') = 12.

int

minute(string date)

Returns the minute of the timestamp.

int

second(string date)

Returns the second of the timestamp.

int

weekofyear(string date)

Returns the week number of a timestamp string. Example: weekofyear("1970-11-01 00:00:00") = 44 or weekofyear("1970-11-01") = 44.

int

extract(field FROM source)

Retrieve fields such as days or hours from the source. The source must be a date, timestamp, interval, or string that can be converted into either a date or timestamp. Supported fields include: day, dayofweek, hour, minute, month, quarter, second, week and year.

Examples:

select extract(month from "2016-10-20") results in 10.
select extract(hour from "2016-10-20 05:06:07") results in 5.
select extract(dayofweek from "2016-10-20 05:06:07") results in 5.
select extract(month from interval '1-3' year to month) results in 3.
select extract(minute from interval '3 12:20:30' day to second) results in 20.

int

datediff(string enddate, string startdate)

Returns the number of days from startdate to end date. Example: datediff('2009-03-01', '2009-02-27') = 2.

date

date_add(date/timestamp/string startdate, tinyint/smallint/int days)

Adds a number of days to startdate. Example: date_add('2008-12-31', 1) = '2009-01-01'.

date

date_sub(date/timestamp/string startdate, tinyint/smallint/int days)

Subtracts a number of days to startdate: date_sub('2008-12-31', 1) = '2008-12-30'.

timestamp

from_utc_timestamp({any primitive type} ts, string timezone)

Converts a timestamp* in UTC to a given timezone.

* timestamp is a primitive type, including timestamp/date, tinyint/smallint/int/bigint, float/double and decimal.

Fractional values are considered as seconds. Integer values are considered as milliseconds. For example, from_utc_timestamp(2592000.0,'PST'), from_utc_timestamp(2592000000,'PST') and from_utc_timestamp(timestamp '1970-01-30 16:00:00','PST') all return the timestamp 1970-01-30 08:00:00.

timestamp

to_utc_timestamp({any primitive type} ts, string timezone)

Converts a timestamp* in a given timezone to UTC.

* timestamp is a primitive type, including timestamp/date, tinyint/smallint/int/bigint, float/double and decimal.

Fractional values are considered as seconds. Integer values are considered as milliseconds. For example, to_utc_timestamp(2592000.0,'PST'), to_utc_timestamp(2592000000,'PST') and to_utc_timestamp(timestamp '1970-01-30 16:00:00','PST') all return the timestamp 1970-01-31 00:00:00.

date

current_date

Returns the current date at the start of query evaluation. All calls of current_date within the same query return the same value.

timestamp

current_timestamp

Returns the current timestamp at the start of query evaluation. All calls of current_timestamp within the same query return the same value.

string

add_months(string start_date, int num_months, output_date_format)

Returns the date that is num_months after start_date. start_date is a string, date or timestamp. num_months is an integer. If start_date is the last day of the month or if the resulting month has fewer days than the day component of start_date, then the result is the last day of the resulting month. Otherwise, the result has the same day component as start_date. The default output format is 'yyyy-MM-dd'.

Status

colour	Green
title	New

Before Hive 4.0.0, the time part of the date is ignored. As of Hive 4.0.0, add_months supports an optional argument output_date_format, which accepts a String that represents a valid date format for the output. This allows to retain the time format in the output.

For example :

add_months('2009-08-31', 1) returns '2009-09-30'.
add_months('2017-12-31 14:15:16', 2, 'YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') returns '2018-02-28 14:15:16'.

string last_day(string date) Returns the last day of the month to which the date belongs. date is a string in the format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss' or 'yyyy-MM-dd'. The time part of the date is ignored!

string next_day(string start_date, string day_of_week) Returns the first date which is later than start_date and named as day_of_week. start_date is a string/date/timestamp. day_of_week is 2 letters, 3 letters or full name of the day of the week (e.g. Mo, tue, FRIDAY). The time part of start_date is ignored. Example: next_day('2015-01-14', 'TU') = 2015-01-20.

string trunc(string date, string format) Returns date truncated to the unit specified by the format. Supported formats: MONTH/MON/MM, YEAR/YYYY/YY. Example: trunc('2015-03-17', 'MM') = 2015-03-01.

double months_between(date1, date2) Returns the number of months between dates date1 and date2. If date1 is later than date2, then the result is positive. If date1 is earlier than date , then the result is negative. If date1 and date2 are either the same days of the month or both last days of months, then the result is always an integer. Otherwise, the UDF calculates the fractional portion of the result based on a 31-day month and considers the difference in time components date1 and date2. date1 and date2 type can be date, timestamp or string in the format 'yyyy-MM-dd' or 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'. The result is rounded to 8 decimal places. Example: months_between('1997-02-28 10:30:00', '1996-10-30') = 3.94959677

string

date_format(date/timestamp/string ts, string pattern)

Converts a date/timestamp/string to a value of string using the specified pattern. The accepted patterns and their behavior depend on the underlying formatter implementation. The pattern argument should be constant. Example: date_format('2015-04-08', 'y') = '2015'.

date_format can be used to implement other UDFs, e.g.:

dayname(date) is date_format(date, 'EEEE')
dayofyear(date) is date_format(date, 'D')

Status

colour	Green
title	New

As of Hive 4.0.0 the "hive.datetime.formatter" property can be used to control the underlying formatter implementation and as a consequence the accepted patterns and their behavior. Earlier versions used https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.html as the underlying formatter.

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