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The simplest approach is to instantiate your Actions, call the appropriate setters, then invoke execute. Calling the Action directly allows you to bypass all the complicated container setup.

Code Block
java
java
titleTaken from Petsoarjava
package org.petsoar.actions.inventory;

import com.mockobjects.constraint.IsEqual;
import com.mockobjects.dynamic.C;
import com.mockobjects.dynamic.Mock;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.Action;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.petsoar.pets.Pet;
import org.petsoar.pets.PetStore;

public class TestViewPet extends TestCase {
    private Mock mockPetStore;
    private ViewPet action;

    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        mockPetStore = new Mock(PetStore.class);
        PetStore petStore = (PetStore) mockPetStore.proxy();

        action = new ViewPet();
        action.setPetStore(petStore);
    }

    public void testViewPet() throws Exception {
        Pet existingPet = new Pet();
        existingPet.setName("harry");
        existingPet.setId(1);

        Pet expectedPet = new Pet();
        expectedPet.setName("harry");
        expectedPet.setId(1);

        mockPetStore.expectAndReturn("getPet", C.args(new IsEqual(new Long(1))), existingPet);
        action.setId(1);

        String result = action.execute();

        assertEquals(Action.SUCCESS, result);
        assertEquals(expectedPet, existingPet);
        mockPetStore.verify();
    }

    public void testViewPetNoId() throws Exception {
        mockPetStore.expectAndReturn("getPet", C.ANY_ARGS, null);

        String result = action.execute();

        assertEquals(Action.ERROR, result);
        assertEquals(1, action.getActionErrors().size());
        assertEquals("Invalid pet selected.", action.getActionErrors().iterator().next());
        assertNull(action.getPet());
        mockPetStore.verify();
    }

    public void testViewPetInvalidId() throws Exception {
        action.setId(-1);
        testViewPetNoId();
    }
}

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Check out the test suites in XWork and Struts 2. These suites are comprehensive and provide a good starting point. Here's an example.

Code Block
java
java
titleTest for ParametersInterceptorjava
public void testDoesNotAllowMethodInvocations() {
    Map params = new HashMap();
    params.put("@java.lang.System@exit(1).dummy", "dumb value");

    HashMap extraContext = new HashMap();
    extraContext.put(ActionContext.PARAMETERS, params);

    try {
        ActionProxy proxy = ActionProxyFactory.getFactory().
               createActionProxy("", MockConfigurationProvider.MODEL_DRIVEN_PARAM_TEST, extraContext);
        assertEquals(Action.SUCCESS, proxy.execute());

        ModelDrivenAction action = (ModelDrivenAction) proxy.getAction();
        TestBean model = (TestBean) action.getModel();

        String property = System.getProperty("action.security.test");
        assertNull(property);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        fail();
    }
}

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