SQL Component
The sql: component allows you to work with databases using JDBC queries. The difference between this component and JDBC component is that in case of SQL the query is a property of the endpoint and it uses message payload as parameters passed to the query.
This component uses spring-jdbc
behind the scenes for the actual SQL handling.
Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml
for this component:
The SQL component also supports:
- a JDBC based repository for the Idempotent Consumer EIP pattern. See further below.
- a JDBC based repository for the Aggregator EIP pattern. See further below.
URI format
From Camel 2.11 onwards this component can create both consumer (e.g. from()
) and producer endpoints (e.g. to()
).
In previous versions, it could only act as a producer.
This component can be used as a Transactional Client.
The SQL component uses the following endpoint URI notation:
From Camel 2.11 onwards you can use named parameters by using :#name_of_the_parameter
style as shown:
When using named parameters, Camel will lookup the names from, in the given precedence:
1. from message body if its a java.util.Map
2. from message headers
If a named parameter cannot be resolved, then an exception is thrown.
From Camel 2.14 onward you can use Simple expressions as parameters as shown:
Notice that the standard ?
symbol that denotes the parameters to an SQL query is substituted with the #
symbol, because the ?
symbol is used to specify options for the endpoint. The ?
symbol replacement can be configured on endpoint basis.
From Camel 2.17 onwards you can externalize your SQL queries to files in the classpath or file system as shown:
And the myquery.sql file is in the classpath and is just a plain text
In the file you can use multilines and format the SQL as you wish. And also use comments such as the – dash line.
You can append query options to the URI in the following format, ?option=value&option=value&...
Options
Option | Type | Default | Description |
---|---|---|---|
|
|
| Camel 2.7.5, 2.8.4 and 2.9: Execute SQL batch update statements. See notes below on how the treatment of the inbound message body changes if this is set to |
|
|
| Deprecated and will be removed in Camel 3.0: Reference to a |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: Reference to a |
|
|
| Camel 2.4: Specifies a character that will be replaced to |
usePlaceholder | boolean | true | Camel 2.17: Sets whether to use placeholder and replace all placeholder characters with ? sign in the SQL queries. |
|
|
| Sets additional options on the Spring |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: Whether to allow using named parameters in the queries. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Allows to plugin to use a custom |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: Allows to plugin to use a custom |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Delay in milliseconds between each poll. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Milliseconds before polling starts. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Set to |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: An integer value to define the maximum number of messages to gather per poll. By default, no maximum is set. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: If |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Whether to route a single empty Exchange if there was no data to poll. Notice in Camel 2.15.x or older you need to prefix this option with consumer., eg consumer.useIterator=true. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: After processing each row then this query can be executed, if the Exchange was processed successfully, for example to mark the row as processed. The query can have parameter. Notice in Camel 2.15.x or older you need to prefix this option with consumer., eg consumer.useIterator=true. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: After processing each row then this query can be executed, if the Exchange failed, for example to mark the row as failed. The query can have parameter. Notice in Camel 2.15.x or older you need to prefix this option with consumer., eg consumer.useIterator=true. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: After processing the entire batch, this query can be executed to bulk update rows etc. The query cannot have parameters. Notice in Camel 2.15.x or older you need to prefix this option with consumer., eg consumer.useIterator=true. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: If using |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: If using |
|
|
| Camel 2.11: SQL producer only: If enabled then the |
|
|
| Camel 2.11.1: The separator to use when parameter values is taken from message body (if the body is a String type), to be inserted at # placeholders. Notice if you use named parameters, then a |
|
|
| Camel 2.12.0: outputType='SelectList', for consumer or producer, will output a List of Map. From Camel 2.14.1 onwards the SelectList also supports mapping each row to a Java object as the SelectOne does (only step c). From Camel 2.18 onwards there is a new StreamList outputType that streams the result of the query using an Iterator. It can be used with the Splitter EIP in streaming mode to process the ResultSet in streaming fashion. This StreamList do not support batch mode, but you can use outputClass to map each row to a class. |
|
|
| Camel 2.12.0: Specify the full package and class name to use as conversion when |
| String | null | Camel 2.15: To store the result as a header instead of the message body. This allows to preserve the existing message body as-is. |
|
|
| Camel 2.11.2/2.12.0 If set greater than zero, then Camel will use this count value of parameters to replace instead of querying via JDBC metadata API. This is useful if the JDBC vendor could not return correct parameters count, then user may override instead. |
|
|
| Camel 2.12.0 If set, will ignore the results of the SQL query and use the existing IN message as the OUT message for the continuation of processing |
useMessageBodyForSql | boolean | false | Camel 2.16: Whether to use the message body as the SQL and then headers for parameters. If this option is enabled then the SQL in the uri is not used. The SQL parameters must then be provided in a header with the key CamelSqlParameters . This option is only for the producer. |
transacted | boolean | false | Camel 2.16.2: SQL consumer only:Enables or disables transaction. If enabled then if processing an exchange failed then the consumer break out processing any further exchanges to cause a rollback eager |
Treatment of the message body
The SQL component tries to convert the message body to an object of java.util.Iterator
type and then uses this iterator to fill the query parameters (where each query parameter is represented by a #
symbol (or configured placeholder) in the endpoint URI). If the message body is not an array or collection, the conversion results in an iterator that iterates over only one object, which is the body itself.
For example, if the message body is an instance of java.util.List
, the first item in the list is substituted into the first occurrence of #
in the SQL query, the second item in the list is substituted into the second occurrence of #
, and so on.
If batch
is set to true
, then the interpretation of the inbound message body changes slightly – instead of an iterator of parameters, the component expects an iterator that contains the parameter iterators; the size of the outer iterator determines the batch size.
From Camel 2.16 onwards you can use the option useMessageBodyForSql that allows to use the message body as the SQL statement, and then the SQL parameters must be provided in a header with the key SqlConstants.SQL_PARAMETERS. This allows the SQL component to work more dynamic as the SQL query is from the message body.
Result of the query
For select
operations, the result is an instance of List<Map<String, Object>>
type, as returned by the JdbcTemplate.queryForList() method. For update
operations, the result is the number of updated rows, returned as an Integer
.
By default, the result is placed in the message body. If the outputHeader parameter is set, the result is placed in the header. This is an alternative to using a full message enrichment pattern to add headers, it provides a concise syntax for querying a sequence or some other small value into a header. It is convenient to use outputHeader and outputType together:
Using StreamList
From Camel 2.18 onwards the producer supports outputType=StreamList that uses an iterator to stream the output of the query. This allows to process the data in a streaming fashion which for example can be used by the Splitter EIP to process each row one at a time, and load data from the database as needed.
Header values
When performing update
operations, the SQL Component stores the update count in the following message headers:
Header | Description |
---|---|
| The number of rows updated for |
| The number of rows returned for |
| Camel 2.8: Query to execute. This query takes precedence over the query specified in the endpoint URI. Note that query parameters in the header are represented by a |
When performing insert
operations, the SQL Component stores the rows with the generated keys and number of these rown in the following message headers (Available as of Camel 2.12.4, 2.13.1):
Header | Description |
---|---|
CamelSqlGeneratedKeysRowCount | The number of rows in the header that contains generated keys. |
CamelSqlGeneratedKeyRows | Rows that contains the generated keys (a list of maps of keys). |
Generated keys
Available as of Camel 2.12.4, 2.13.1 and 2.14
If you insert data using SQL INSERT, then the RDBMS may support auto generated keys. You can instruct the SQL producer to return the generated keys in headers.
To do that set the header CamelSqlRetrieveGeneratedKeys=true
. Then the generated keys will be provided as headers with the keys listed in the table above.
You can see more details in this unit test.
Configuration
You can now set a reference to a DataSource
in the URI directly:
Sample
In the sample below we execute a query and retrieve the result as a List
of rows, where each row is a Map<String, Object
and the key is the column name.
First, we set up a table to use for our sample. As this is based on an unit test, we do it in java:createAndPopulateDatabase.sql
we execute looks like as described below:sql
component. Notice that we use a direct
endpoint in front of the sql
endpoint. This allows us to send an exchange to the direct
endpoint with the URI, direct:simple
, which is much easier for the client to use than the long sql:
URI. Note that the DataSource
is looked up up in the registry, so we can use standard Spring XML to configure our DataSource
.direct
endpoint that will route it to our sql
component that queries the database.DataSource
in Spring XML as follows:
Using named parameters
Available as of Camel 2.11
In the given route below, we want to get all the projects from the projects table. Notice the SQL query has 2 named parameters, :#lic and :#min.
Camel will then lookup for these parameters from the message body or message headers. Notice in the example above we set two headers with constant value
for the named parameters:
Though if the message body is a java.util.Map
then the named parameters will be taken from the body.
Using expression parameters
Available as of Camel 2.14
In the given route below, we want to get all the project from the database. It uses the body of the exchange for defining the license and uses the value of a property as the second parameter.
Using IN queries with dynamic values
Available as of Camel 2.17
From Camel 2.17 onwards the SQL producer allows to use SQL queries with IN statements where the IN values is dynamic computed. For example from the message body or a header etc.
To use IN you need to:
- prefix the parameter name with
in:
- add
( )
around the parameter
An example explains this better. The following query is used:
In the following route:
Then the IN query can use a header with the key names with the dynamic values such as:
The query can also be specified in the endpoint instead of being externalized (notice that externalizing makes maintaining the SQL queries easier)
Using the JDBC based idempotent repository
Available as of Camel 2.7: In this section we will use the JDBC based idempotent repository.
org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jdbc.AbstractJdbcMessageIdRepository
you can extend to build custom JDBC idempotent repository.First we have to create the database table which will be used by the idempotent repository. For Camel 2.7, we use the following schema:
In Camel 2.8, we added the createdAt column:
We recommend to have a unique constraint on the columns processorName and messageId. Because the syntax for this constraint differs for database to database, we do not show it here.
Second we need to setup a javax.sql.DataSource
in the spring XML file:
And finally we can create our JDBC idempotent repository in the spring XML file as well:
Customize the JdbcMessageIdRepository
Starting with Camel 2.9.1 you have a few options to tune the org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jdbc.JdbcMessageIdRepository
for your needs:
Parameter | Default Value | Description |
---|---|---|
createTableIfNotExists | true | Defines whether or not Camel should try to create the table if it doesn't exist. |
tableExistsString | SELECT 1 FROM CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED WHERE 1 = 0 | This query is used to figure out whether the table already exists or not. It must throw an exception to indicate the table doesn't exist. |
createString | CREATE TABLE CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED (processorName VARCHAR(255), messageId VARCHAR(100), createdAt TIMESTAMP) | The statement which is used to create the table. |
queryString | SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED WHERE processorName = ? AND messageId = ? | The query which is used to figure out whether the message already exists in the repository (the result is not equals to '0'). It takes two parameters. This first one is the processor name ( |
insertString | INSERT INTO CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED (processorName, messageId, createdAt) VALUES (?, ?, ?) | The statement which is used to add the entry into the table. It takes three parameter. The first one is the processor name ( |
deleteString | DELETE FROM CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED WHERE processorName = ? AND messageId = ? | The statement which is used to delete the entry from the database. It takes two parameter. This first one is the processor name ( |
A customized org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jdbc.JdbcMessageIdRepository
could look like:
Using the JDBC based aggregation repository
Available as of Camel 2.6
camel-jdbc-aggregator
component. From Camel 2.7 onwards, the JdbcAggregationRepository
is provided in the camel-sql
component.JdbcAggregationRepository
is an AggregationRepository
which on the fly persists the aggregated messages. This ensures that you will not loose messages, as the default aggregator will use an in memory only AggregationRepository
.
The JdbcAggregationRepository
allows together with Camel to provide persistent support for the Aggregator.
It has the following options:
Option | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
dataSource | DataSource | Mandatory: The javax.sql.DataSource to use for accessing the database. |
repositoryName | String | Mandatory: The name of the repository. |
transactionManager | TransactionManager | Mandatory: The |
lobHandler | LobHandler | A org.springframework.jdbc.support.lob.LobHandler to handle Lob types in the database. Use this option to use a vendor specific LobHandler, for example when using Oracle. |
returnOldExchange | boolean | Whether the get operation should return the old existing Exchange if any existed. By default this option is false to optimize as we do not need the old exchange when aggregating. |
useRecovery | boolean | Whether or not recovery is enabled. This option is by default true . When enabled the Camel Aggregator automatic recover failed aggregated exchange and have them resubmitted. |
recoveryInterval | long | If recovery is enabled then a background task is run every x'th time to scan for failed exchanges to recover and resubmit. By default this interval is 5000 millis. |
maximumRedeliveries | int | Allows you to limit the maximum number of redelivery attempts for a recovered exchange. If enabled then the Exchange will be moved to the dead letter channel if all redelivery attempts failed. By default this option is disabled. If this option is used then the deadLetterUri option must also be provided. |
| String | An endpoint uri for a Dead Letter Channel where exhausted recovered Exchanges will be moved. If this option is used then the |
storeBodyAsText | boolean | Camel 2.11: Whether to store the message body as String which is human readable. By default this option is |
headersToStoreAsText | List<String> | Camel 2.11: Allows to store headers as String which is human readable. By default this option is disabled, storing the headers in binary format. |
jdbcOptimisticLockingExceptionMapper | jdbcOptimisticLockingExceptionMapper | Camel 2.12: Allows to plugin a custom |
Optimistic locking is set to on by default. If two exchanges attempt to insert at the same time an exception will thrown, caught, converted to an OptimisticLockingException, and rethrown.
What is preserved when persisting
JdbcAggregationRepository
will only preserve any Serializable
compatible data types. If a data type is not such a type its dropped and a WARN
is logged. And it only persists the Message
body and the Message
headers. The Exchange
properties are not persisted.
From Camel 2.11 onwards you can store the message body and select(ed) headers as String in separate columns.
Recovery
The JdbcAggregationRepository
will by default recover any failed Exchange. It does this by having a background tasks that scans for failed Exchanges in the persistent store. You can use the checkInterval
option to set how often this task runs. The recovery works as transactional which ensures that Camel will try to recover and redeliver the failed Exchange. Any Exchange which was found to be recovered will be restored from the persistent store and resubmitted and send out again.
The following headers is set when an Exchange is being recovered/redelivered:
Header | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
Exchange.REDELIVERED | Boolean | Is set to true to indicate the Exchange is being redelivered. |
Exchange.REDELIVERY_COUNTER | Integer | The redelivery attempt, starting from 1. |
Only when an Exchange has been successfully processed it will be marked as complete which happens when the confirm
method is invoked on the AggregationRepository
. This means if the same Exchange fails again it will be kept retried until it success.
You can use option maximumRedeliveries
to limit the maximum number of redelivery attempts for a given recovered Exchange. You must also set the deadLetterUri
option so Camel knows where to send the Exchange when the maximumRedeliveries
was hit.
You can see some examples in the unit tests of camel-sql, for example this test.
Database
To be operational, each aggregator uses two table: the aggregation and completed one. By convention the completed has the same name as the aggregation one suffixed with "_COMPLETED"
. The name must be configured in the Spring bean with the RepositoryName
property. In the following example aggregation will be used.
The table structure definition of both table are identical: in both case a String value is used as key (id) whereas a Blob contains the exchange serialized in byte array.
However one difference should be remembered: the id field does not have the same content depending on the table.
In the aggregation table id holds the correlation Id used by the component to aggregate the messages. In the completed table, id holds the id of the exchange stored in corresponding the blob field.
Here is the SQL query used to create the tables, just replace "aggregation"
with your aggregator repository name.
Storing body and headers as text
Available as of Camel 2.11
You can configure the JdbcAggregationRepository
to store message body and select(ed) headers as String in separate columns. For example to store the body, and the following two headers companyName
and accountName
use the following SQL:
And then configure the repository to enable this behavior as shown below:
Codec (Serialization)
Since they can contain any type of payload, Exchanges are not serializable by design. It is converted into a byte array to be stored in a database BLOB field. All those conversions are handled by the JdbcCodec
class. One detail of the code requires your attention: the ClassLoadingAwareObjectInputStream
.
The ClassLoadingAwareObjectInputStream
has been reused from the Apache ActiveMQ project. It wraps an ObjectInputStream
and use it with the ContextClassLoader
rather than the currentThread
one. The benefit is to be able to load classes exposed by other bundles. This allows the exchange body and headers to have custom types object references.
Transaction
A Spring PlatformTransactionManager
is required to orchestrate transaction.
Service (Start/Stop)
The start
method verify the connection of the database and the presence of the required tables. If anything is wrong it will fail during starting.
Aggregator configuration
Depending on the targeted environment, the aggregator might need some configuration. As you already know, each aggregator should have its own repository (with the corresponding pair of table created in the database) and a data source. If the default lobHandler is not adapted to your database system, it can be injected with the lobHandler
property.
Here is the declaration for Oracle:
Optimistic locking
From Camel 2.12 onwards you can turn on optimisticLocking
and use this JDBC based aggregation repository in a clustered environment where multiple Camel applications shared the same database for the aggregation repository. If there is a race condition there JDBC driver will throw a vendor specific exception which the JdbcAggregationRepository
can react upon. To know which caused exceptions from the JDBC driver is regarded as an optimistick locking error we need a mapper to do this. Therefore there is a org.apache.camel.processor.aggregate.jdbc.JdbcOptimisticLockingExceptionMapper
allows you to implement your custom logic if needed. There is a default implementation org.apache.camel.processor.aggregate.jdbc.DefaultJdbcOptimisticLockingExceptionMapper
which works as follows:
The following check is done:
If the caused exception is an SQLException
then the SQLState is checked if starts with 23.
If the caused exception is a DataIntegrityViolationException
If the caused exception class name has "ConstraintViolation" in its name.
optional checking for FQN class name matches if any class names has been configured
You can in addition add FQN classnames, and if any of the caused exception (or any nested) equals any of the FQN class names, then its an optimistick locking error.
Here is an example, where we define 2 extra FQN class names from the JDBC vendor.