Introduction

Purpose: Further optimise SystemVM template generation, lifecycle, patching, seeding and upgrades.

With https://github.com/apache/cloudstack/pull/4329 in 4.16, significant systemvmtemplate lifecycle changes were introduced to simplify systemvmtemplate install/seed and upgrades, as well as making it cloud-init enabled for CKS use-case. In addition, the management server ssh public key is now also patched via cmdline string. Bundling of systemvmtemplates while makes the packages turnkey, users don't have to register/upgrade it manually now but it still has old/new pain-points:

• The size of cloudstack-management rpm/deb pkg increased by 1.5GB. This is not an issue but makes users wait for pkgs to download/install/upgrade.
• Noredist packaging jobs require downloading of 3x systemvmtemplates for KVM, VMware, XenServer, which increases the packaging time by at least half-hour.
• Packer based systemvmtemplate building takes 30-60mins, making template development/iterations slower.
• Mgmt server public key is patched via cmdline string but systemvm.iso is still used to patch scripts and agent/jars.
• Some new additional pkgs are installed but may not be necessary.
• The logic for systemvm communication is highly Hypervisor-dependent.
• The built-in template is now very old, and due to openssh changes, now it can't even be used.

Any major feature/change should be done in the main branch, however, optimisations and operational improvements can be done in current LTS branch for future minor releases.

References:

• Discussed in the CCC talk Next-Gen VR https://rohityadav.cloud/files/talks/ccc21-vr-agent.pdf
• VR agent design doc: Next-Gen Virtual Router and VR Agent

Future work

• Use of squashfs for in-place upgrades.
• Unify initial patching via cloud-init+config-drive and deprecate/remove cmdline.
• Install/patch non-common userspace dependencies upon patching via scp/ssh (for ex. jre deb pkg etc) or serve host static repo/cache in mgmt server web server
• To build systemvmtemplate during mvn/packaging itself so hosting is no longer required
• CKS changes: since CKS is not tied with systemvmtemplates, we ca:
  • Explore: Make CKS not use cmdline string-based patching, switch to user-data or config-drive alone (Vmware disks issue); for this to happen change cloud-early-config to by default treat the template as cloud-init enable template if/when cmdline can be obtained/processed
  • Remove dockerd, docker-cli if CKS can be patched/setup using containerd alone (can reduce pkg size by 50-100MBs)

Document History

Feature Specifications

In the following sections, we define the scope and high-level spec and well as discuss/propose design & implementation.

SystemVM build and packaging changes

• Explore debootstrap, nbd and chroot based systemvm template building. PoC shows promise, builds template under 5mins. (vs 30-60mins before)
• Instead of bundling all 3x systemvmtemplates, we can bundle one of the hypervisors and build/export the image for other hypervisors using qemu-img upon cloudstack-management pkg install/upgrade (we use qemu-img to convert the template to different hypervisor images during build too):
  • Assume we bundle OVA/vmware; upon install/upgrade we extract the ova (tar) and grab the vmdk to export for KVM and XenServer.
  • To export for kvm, we run: qemu-img -f vmdk -O qcow2 -o compat=0.10 -c <source vmdk> <dest kvm qcow2 file>
  • To export for xenserver/xcp-ng, we run: qemu-img -f vmdk -O vpc <source vmdk> <dest xs/xcp vhd file>
  • In testing, we found this entire process of conversion takes 10-30seconds in total; which may significantly save on bandwidth of over 1G in total cloudstack-management pkg/file being downloaded
  • The logic/script that does this would check and do this kind of convertion only if qcow2 and vhds are not bundled with the cloudstack-management pkg
• During packaging, this can simplify things so if systemvm.iso is deprecated then we bundle the ova only when -D systemvm or -P systemvm is enabled

SystemVM template upgrades

• Trigger auto-upgrades or installs based on ini file or some file/property specifies min. require template (compare against global setting and the pkg specific file/property). Same can be hard-coded/specified/used by mvn, so it doesn't auto-trigger upgrades when upgrades may not be necessary, esp for minor releases (say upgrade from 4.16.0->4.16.1...).
• Good to have: Old systemvmtemplates should be allowed to be removed/deleted by the admin

Patching Changes

• Remove systemvm.iso
  • With ssh/scp setup via public ssh key of mgmt server, sent to cmdline string; we don't need systemvm.iso.
  • Deprecate and remove systemvm.iso file, move systemvmtemplate patching logic via ssh/scp.
  • Don't remove ISO drive in systemvm VM spec (so can be used in future by config drive etc)
• SSVM, CPVM CA/cert patching changes:
  • Using CA framework create certificate and pass them (pub/priv, ca cert) as key/value params in the cmdline string for all systemvms and VRs. This is do-able if we know the hostname and IP address (esp the private and link-local nic) of the systemvms/VRs.
  • The certificates can be used in future by VR agent, and currently by SSVM/CPVM agents
  • Deprecate and remove CSR-based ssvm/cpvm certificate setup method
• Live and Automatic Patching:
  • Once ssh/scp based patching is implemented and there exists internal Java Service/APIs to trigger this; why can't we do this on the fly too for example during minor-release upgrades or upgrades where systemvmtemplate is not upgraded.
  • A new script/tool/utility to facilitate live patching (the tool is scp'd to systemvm/VR too).
  • It may also be useful to introduce a new live API or extend current API such as upgradeRouterTemplate with a new live=true|false parameter. This can allow root-admins to manually select and live-upgrade their routers without restarting network with cleanup=true.
  • Explore automatic upgrade/patching of routers, which can be triggered via some checksum-checks; or simply when restartNetwork is triggered without cleanup (i.e. VR is not destroyed) but with a new parameter to enable/allow live patching of scripts/software.
  • Live patching mechanism to explore pre/post patch and validation hooks, ability to restore upon patching failure (heal & failsafe)
  • If live patching uses ssh, can it be used to patch when upgrade older systemvms/systemvmtemplates and VR:
    • ssvm/cpvm: their internal nics, config etc hasn't changed in ages, in general, all it requires is (a) update the jars, (b) update certs incl ca-certificates, (c) updating maybe the JRE and (d) restart the cloud process
    • routers: their internal nics order hasn't changed in ages, in general it may require (a) update cloud scripts, (b) restarting all enabled services; however between major ACS versions the userspace software (haproxy, apache, dnsmasq etc) has significantly changes so those may not be guaranteed to work.
• New Multi-hop ssh based communication Utility:
  • A standard multi-hop ssh utility class/client that can allow management server to ssh into systemvms and VRs using proxy/jump:

    • VMware →(direct agents/ms) → VR private nic

    • XenServer → (direct agent/ms) → ssh into XS host on port 22 → proxy jump to → VR link-local (alt. make use of XAPI vmops plugin)

    • KVM → (indirect agent/ms) → KVM host/agent → ssh/forwarding → VR link-local

  • Direct agents (VMware and XenServer) would ssh/scp from mgmt server to systemvms and VRs
  • Indirect agents (KVM) can ssh/scp from KVM hosts to systemvms and VRs
  • A hypervisor agnostic wrapper that is executed via agents to handle Cmd/Answers, but isn't aware or reduces dependency on hypervisor-specific code
  • Long terms deprecate and remove router_proxy scripts
  • Note: this will be common architectural code that may be re-used by VR agent too

CKS Changes

Since CKS is not tied with systemvmtemplates, some optimisations can be explored:

• Switch to using cloud as user instead of core, fix yml templates; and add ssh-access in the UI if/when the user selects a SSH public key
• In the UI - display CKS host image version, dockerd and other env info that may be useful for CKS users
• Document list of supported k8s versions with CKS with ACS release - add note in ACS release notes's compatibility page
• Optional / Good to have: Enable CKS by default (as CKS is turnkey with systemvmtemplates) and trigger registration of built-in CKS data iso per ACS version (this can similar to the built-in template, a quick to enable a k8s version with a ACS version)