Quick Guide to SCA

What is SCA?

SCA is an executable model for assembly of services into business solutions. It simplifies component programming model for implementation of business services that can be implemented in any language. The key benefits of SCA are:

• Loose Coupling: Components integrate with other components without needing to know how other components are implemented. Components can be easily invoked either synchronously or asynchronously.
• Flexibility: Components can easily be replaced by other components. It also provides the flexibility to create solutions using existing services (bottom up) or model the business and develope the solution (top down).
• Productivity: It enables you to focus on your business logic rather than be slowed with concerns about infrastructure. SCA simplifies development experience for all developers (including J2EE and Integration Developers), integrators and application deployers

Now let's get into description of SCA building blocks.

SCA Component

The basic building block for SCA is a component. When you're writing code for SCA, you are typically writing code that will either be the implementation of a component or will be used by such an implementation.

An SCA component follows the Inversion of Control design pattern with Tuscany providing the controlling framework. A typical component can be illustrated as:

where

• Services describe the function this type of component provides
• References are dependencies this type of component has in order to function
• Properties define configuration parameters for this type of component
• Intents describe assumptions this type of component has on how it will be used
• and Implementation is some code that actually does the work (i.e. what a developer writes)

The implementation of a component can be in any language that is suitable for the user, for example BPEL for business processes or XSL-T for transformations or Ruby for scripting or pure Java. How the services, references, properties and intents are defined for an implementation is specific to that particular implementation type.

Now, here is the twist. A component implementation is the business logic. A component is an instance of a configured component implementation. More than one component can use the same implementation. A component lives in a composite that is described next.

SCA Composite

Individual components like those above can be used on their own, or they can be grouped together to form composite components. A composite is a type of component whose implementation is not code but an aggregation of other components co-operating to provide Services as a whole. A composite provides Services, has References to other dependencies, and can be configured using Properties in just the same way as individual components can.

The typical implementation of a composite is described using XML defined by the SCA Assembly Specification (known as SCA Component Definition Language or SCDL).

SCA Contribution

SCA Domain

The implementations of components above, either individual or composite, all form reusable units that can be run multiple times in different environments (in much the same way as you have multiple instances of a Java class). A component or composite becomes instantiated when it is actually used in an SCA environment. This is done by using it as part of the assembly of an SCA Domain.

SCA Domains can vary in size from the very small to the very large:

• a very small domain could be one within a test environment inside an IDE
• a medium sized domain could be a single server or small cluster supporting a single application
• a large domain could describe all the services within a department or company

A domain is a logical view of running applications or a coherent grouping of components that are working together, connected to each other using SCA wiring. In a large domain there may be all sorts of policies about where components can run and how they connect to each other or to external services. However, during development one is not concerned with all this. The code is packaged and made available for deployment. Tuscany provides some build-time tools to help with packaging. For example, a war Maven plugin to package a self contained web application.

place holder for text

you develop an app and package it as a contribution. The app may consist of one or more composites.
Contribution is an installable piece. So, you then install the contribution and then activate the deployed composites in the contribution. The SCA domain is the logical view of running applications that can span multiple SCA runtimes.