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Ensure the PCI Device is Not in Use by the Host

1. Disable the nouveau kernel module and add the following line to the top of the /etc/modprobe.d/50-denylist.conf file: 
   blacklist nouveau
2. Check if vfio-pci is loaded and used for the GPU devices:
   $ lspci -k | grep -A3 -E "3D controller|VGA"
   00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Alder Lake-P GT2 [Iris Xe Graphics] (rev 0c)
           Subsystem: Dell Device 0b19
           Kernel driver in use: i915
           Kernel modules: i915, xe
   --
   01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA107M [GeForce RTX 3050 Ti Mobile] (rev a1)
           Subsystem: Dell Device 0b19
           Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia
3. Prevent the GPU devices from being used by the host:
   $ lspci -nn | grep -E "3D controller|VGA"
   00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Alder Lake-P GT2 [Iris Xe Graphics] [8086:46a6] (rev 0c)
   01:00.0 3D controller [0302]: NVIDIA Corporation GA107M [GeForce RTX 3050 Ti Mobile] [10de:25a0] (rev a1)
4. Update grub configuration file /etc/default/grub. In this example, we are preventing the NVIDIA GPU with "vendor ID:Device ID" 10de:25a0 from being used by the host:
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=".... pci-stub.ids=10de:25a0"
5. Update grub configuration file:
   $ sudo update-grub
   or
   $ sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
6. Reboot the host:
   $ sudo reboot

Install GPU drivers

1. Download the GPU drivers from your vendor. For nvidia, login to https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/drivers/vgpu-software-driver/ and download the drivers for your host & GPU Card.

Note: This is only required to create vGPUs. If only full passthrough is required, this can be ignored.

2. Check if GPU Devices are Discovered on the Host

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