Installing Hive

You can install a stable release of Hive by downloading and unpacking a tarball, or you can download the source code and build Hive using Maven (release 3.6.3 and later).

Prerequisites

• Java 8.
• Maven 3.6.3
• Protobuf 2.5
• Hadoop 3.3.6 (As a preparation, configure it in single-node cluster, pseudo-distributed mode)
• Tez. The default is MapReduce but we will change the execution engine to Tez.
• Hive is commonly used in production Linux environment. Mac is a commonly used development environment. The instructions in this document are applicable to Linux and Mac.  

Install the prerequisites

Java 8

Building Hive requires JDK 8 installed. Some notes in case you have ARM chipset (Apple M1 or later).

You will have to build protobuf 2.5 later. And it doesn't compile with ARM JDK. So we will install intel architecture's Java with brew and configure maven with this. It will enable us to compile protobuf. 

JDK install on apple arm: 

brew install homebrew/cask-versions/adoptopenjdk8 --cask
brew untap adoptopenjdk/openjdk

Maven: 

Just install maven and configure the JAVA_HOME properly. 

Notes for arm: after a proper configuration, you should see something like this:

mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.6.3 (cecedd343002696d0abb50b32b541b8a6ba2883f)
Maven home: /Users/yourusername/programs/apache-maven-3.6.3
Java version: 1.8.0_292, vendor: AdoptOpenJDK, runtime: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: en_HU, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.16", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac"

As you can see, even if it is an arm processor, maven thinks the architecture is Intel based.

Protobuf

You have to download and compile protobuf. And also, install it into the local maven repository. Protobuf 2.5.0 is not ready for ARM. On this chipset, you will need to do some extra steps.

wget https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/download/v2.5.0/protobuf-2.5.0.tar.bz2
tar -xvf protobuf-2.5.0.tar.bz2
cd protobuf-2.5.0
./configure

On ARM, edit the src/google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h and add arm to the part, processor architecture detection, after the last elif branch: 
 

#elif defined(__arm64__)
#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_ARM 1
#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT 1

Now, you can compile and install protobuf:

make
make check
sudo make install

You can validate your install:

protoc --version

Hadoop

Firstly, move through the instructions on the official documentation, single-node, pseudo-distributed configuration: https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/SingleCluster.html#Pseudo-Distributed_Operation.

After that, set up HADOOP_HOME:

export HADOOP_HOME=/yourpathtohadoop/hadoop-3.3.6

Tez

Tez will require some additional steps. Hadoop uses a tez tarball but it expects it in other compressed directory structure than it is realeased. So we will extract the tarbal and compress again. And also, we will put the extracted jars into hdfs. After that we set the necessary environment variables.

Download tez, extract and re-compress the tar: 

wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/tez/0.10.2/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin.tar.gz
tar -xzvf apache-tez-0.10.2-bin.tar.gz
cd apache-tez-0.10.2-bin
tar zcvf ../apache-tez-0.10.2-bin.tar.gz * && cd ..

Replace hdfs-client jar to 3.3.6 (tez is shipped with 3.3.1)

rm apache-tez-0.10.2-bin/lib/hadoop-hdfs-client-3.3.1.jar
cp $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-client-3.3.6.jar $TEZ_HOME/lib

Add the necessary tez files to hdfs

$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir -p /apps/tez
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -put apache-tez-0.10.2-bin.tar.gz /apps/tez # copy the tarball
$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -put apache-tez-0.10.2-bin /apps/tez # copy the whole folder

Set up TEZ_HOME and HADOOP_CLASSPATH environment variables

export TEZ_HOME=/Users/zsoltmiskolczi/work/hive/hive-from-tar/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$TEZ_HOME/*:$TEZ_HOME/conf

Create a new config file for Tez: $TEZ_HOME/conf/tez-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>tez.lib.uris</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:9000/apps/tez/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin.tar.gz,hdfs://localhost:9000/apps/tez/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin/lib,hdfs://localhost:9000/apps/tez/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>tez.use.cluster.hadoop-libs</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

Installing Hive from a Tarball

Start by downloading the most recent stable release of Hive from one of the Apache download mirrors (see Hive Releases).

Next you need to unpack the tarball. This will result in the creation of a subdirectory named hive-x.y.z (where x.y.z is the release number):

wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/hive/hive-4.0.0-beta-1/apache-hive-4.0.0-beta-1-bin.tar.gz
tar -xzvf apache-hive-4.0.0-beta-1-bin.tar.gz 

Set the environment variable HIVE_HOME to point to the installation directory:

cd apache-hive-4.0.0-beta-1-bin
export HIVE_HOME=/Users/zsoltmiskolczi/work/hive/hive-from-tar/apache-hive-4.0.0-beta-1-bin 

Add $HIVE_HOME/bin to your PATH:

export PATH=$HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH

Create a directory for external tables: 

mkdir /yourpathtoexternaltables/warehouse

Create a new config file for Hive: $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
    <name>hive.tez.container.size</name>
    <value>1024</value>
    </property>

    <property>
    <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.external.dir</name>
    <value>/Users/zsoltmiskolczi/work/hive/hive-from-tar/warehouse</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.execution.engine</name>
        <value>tez</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>tez.lib.uris</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:9000/apps/tez/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin.tar.gz,hdfs://localhost:9000/apps/tez/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin/lib,hdfs://localhost:9000/apps/tez/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>tez.configuration</name>
        <value>/Users/zsoltmiskolczi/work/hive/hive-from-tar/apache-tez-0.10.2-bin/conf/tez-site.xml</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>tez.use.cluster.hadoop-libs</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

Initialize metastore schema. It will create a directore called metastore_db. It contains an embedded Derby database for metastore

$HIVE_HOME/bin/schematool -dbType derby -initSchema --verbose

Run HiveServer2

$HIVE_HOME/bin/hiveserver2 &

Run beeline:

bin/beeline -u 'jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/' -n invisbleprogrammer

Installing from Source Code 

Hive is available via Git at https://github.com/apache/hive. You can download it by running the following command.

  $ git clone git@github.com:apache/hive.git

In case you want to get a specific release branch, like 4.0.0, you can run that command: 

  $ git clone -b branch-4.0 --single-branch git@github.com:apache/hive.git

To build Hive, execute the following command on the base directory:

  $ mvn clean install -Pdist,itests,iceberg -DskipTests 

It will create the subdirectory packaging/target/apache-hive-<release_string>-bin/apache-hive-<release_string>-bin/ with the following contents (example: packaging/target/apache-hive-4.0.0-beta-2-SNAPSHOT-bin/apache-hive-4.0.0-beta-2-SNAPSHOT-bin):

• bin/: directory containing all the shell scripts
• lib/: directory containing all required jar files
• conf/: directory with configuration files
• examples/: directory with sample input and query files

That directory should contain all the files necessary to run Hive. You can run it from there or copy it to a different location, if you prefer.

In order to run Hive, you must have Hadoop in your path or have defined the environment variable HADOOP_HOME with the Hadoop installation directory.

Moreover, we strongly advise users to create the HDFS directories /tmp and /user/hive/warehouse (also known as hive.metastore.warehouse.dir) and set them chmod g+w before tables are created in Hive.

Next Steps

You can begin using Hive as soon as it is installed, although you will probably want to configure it first.

Beeline CLI

The Hive home directory is packaging/target/apache-hive-<release_string>-bin/apache-hive-<release_string>-bin/.

HiveServer2 has a CLI called Beeline (see Beeline – New Command Line Shell). To use Beeline, execute the following command in the Hive home directory:

$ bin/beeline

Hive Metastore

Metadata is stored in an embedded Derby database whose disk storage location is determined by the Hive configuration variable named javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL. By default, this location is ./metastore_db (see conf/hive-default.xml).

Using Derby in embedded mode allows at most one user at a time. To configure Derby to run in server mode, see Hive Using Derby in Server Mode.

To configure a database other than Derby for the Hive metastore, see Hive Metastore Administration.

Next Step: Configuring Hive.

HCatalog and WebHCat

HCatalog

If you install Hive from the binary tarball, the hcat command is available in the hcatalog/bin directory. However, most hcat commands can be issued as hive commands except for "hcat -g" and "hcat -p". Note that the hcat command uses the -p flag for permissions but hive uses it to specify a port number. The HCatalog CLI is documented here and the Hive CLI is documented here.

HCatalog installation is documented here.

WebHCat (Templeton)

If you install Hive from the binary tarball, the WebHCat server command webhcat_server.sh is in the hcatalog/webhcat/svr/src/main/bin/webhcat_server.sh directory.

WebHCat installation is documented here.